{"id":280,"date":"2020-12-15T20:02:36","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T20:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/?p=280"},"modified":"2021-01-09T02:46:31","modified_gmt":"2021-01-09T02:46:31","slug":"%e8%87%b4%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%96%b0%e7%a7%bb%e6%b0%91%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e5%b0%81%e4%bf%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/?p=280","title":{"rendered":"\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Frank Wu \u5317\u7f8e\u65b0\u89c6\u754c<\/a>2016-10-05<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5434\u534e\u6768 \uff08Frank Wu\uff09 \u73b0\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u9ed1\u65af\u6c40\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9996\u5c4a\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u5609\u5bbe\u3002 \u5728\u534e\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u53c2\u4f1a\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4e2d\uff0c \u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u534e\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7684\u56de\u590d\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5434\u6559\u6388\u5c06\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u878d\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u7591\uff0c\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5219\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6fc0\u52b1\u5927\u5bb6\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6566\u4fc3\u6211\uff0c\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u8c08\u8c08\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\u58ee\u5fd7\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u9192\u6211\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u6709\u4e9b\u68d8\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u800c\u975e\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u5206\u4eab\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u6211\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u77e5\u5176\u5b83\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u751f\u6d3b\u5bcc\u8db3\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9a\u5c45\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u70ed\u5fc3\u4e8e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u7a0d\u5acc\u4e61\u571f\u3001\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u591f\u5bcc\u88d5\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u5e76\u81ea\u7136\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e8c\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8ddf\u53d7\u80a4\u8272\u548c\u51fa\u751f\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u8ddf\u7236\u8f88\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d81\u7740\u8fd8\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6539\u8f99\u66f4\u5f20\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u7b97\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5feb\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u88d4\u6c11\u6743\u9886\u8896\u8c08\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u521a\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u804a\u8fc7\u5929\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u540c\u610f\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5207\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u9192\u6211\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u6709\u5b83\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u758f\u8fdc\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u9020\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u4e00\u7fa4\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7d22\u53d6\u591a\u4e8e\u4ed8\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u611f\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u548c\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u7ecf\u53d7\u632b\u6298\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u90a3\u6837\u53bb\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u662f\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5632\u7b11\u548c\u4e0d\u5c51\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u8fd9\u513f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u76d8\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u5c31\u56de\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7167\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7279\u522b\u662f\u534e\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u6b63\u5728\u72af\u4e24\u5927\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4ee5\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u6211\u6b22\u8fce\u540c\u9053\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u548c\u6211\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u592a\u654f\u611f\u4e86\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u81ea\u5c45\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ecb\u610f\u3002\u65b0\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u8bf4\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u8a00\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u7fa4\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u65e8\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u6743\u83b7\u5f97\u8ddf\u4e3b\u6d41\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u56e0\u4e3a\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u7c4d\u8d2f\u800c\u88ab\u53e6\u773c\u76f8\u770b\u3002\u88ab\u96c7\u4f63\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u916c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u56e0\u4e3a\u80a4\u8272\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f53\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u6309\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4e9a\u88d4\u6bd4\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4f18\u7b49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u50cf\u662f\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\uff08\u5907\u6ce81\uff09\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u8981\u5f53\u771f\u3002\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u66f4\u806a\u660e\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5bb0\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u51e1\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6682\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bba\u5bf9\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd1\u4e4e\u662f\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6253\u5fc3\u773c\u91cc\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u90a3\u6837\u53bb\u8bf4\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u90a3\u6837\u53bb\u60f3\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5916\u5f62\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e78\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u5fc5\u7136\u53cd\u51fb\u7684\u9776\u5b50\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5728\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u73b0\u5728\u4f9d\u7136\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u53bb\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u68a6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5f53\u5730\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7688\u4f9d\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u5728\u7a97\u5916\u7aa5\u63a2\u7684\u5916\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u4eba\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\u548c\u793c\u9047\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u59fb\u4eb2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u574a\u95f4\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u5f00\u51fa\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u9053\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u73cd\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u90a3\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u5708\u53ef\u70b9\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u6570\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u800c\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u5e94\u5bf9\u79cd\u65cf\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ddf\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u88d4\u6765\u5171\u540c\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d8\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u664b\u7684\u5f3a\u6743\u3002\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5e73\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6211\u201d\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u201c\u80c6\u6562\u6b3a\u8d1f\u6211\uff0c\u5802\u5802\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u60f3\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8ba9\u4eba\u8ddf\u4f60\u80fd\u5c06\u5fc3\u6bd4\u5fc3\u3002\u8ddf\u522b\u4eba\u8bf4\u4f60\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u72af\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6253\u6210\u4e00\u7247\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5728\u5fc3\u5e95\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u611f\u3002\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u8bdd\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u771f\u8bda\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u90fd\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u88c2\u9699\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u8bef\u4f1a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u201c\u4e9a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6cdb\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u548c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u843d\u5730\u751f\u6839\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f70\u663e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bc4\u5c45\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u53db\u5f92\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6000\u7591\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u6c38\u4e45\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95f4\u8c0d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fb9\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u88ab\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u201c\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff08Chinese of America\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5728\u7f8e\u534e\u4eba\uff08Chinese in America\uff09\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u4fee\u9970\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u88ab\u6536\u517b\u7684\u3001\u6765\u81ea\u6df7\u8840\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u5047\u5305\u6362\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6bd4\u5982\u7ebd\u7ea6\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u90fd\u6709\u4f4f\u6240\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6cfe\u6e2d\u5206\u660e\u3002\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4ee5\u534e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u7236\u6bcd\u5219\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u5316\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u751a\u81f3\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u751f\u6765\u5177\u5907\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u53cc\u878d\u6027\uff08\u5907\u6ce82\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\u60ec\u610f\u4e8e\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5e02\u533a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u60ec\u610f\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5730\u5c5e\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u81ea\u5982\u7a7f\u68ad\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u4e3b\u52a8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u610f\u613f\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96be\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e5f\u61d2\u4e8e\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fd7\u8bed \u201c\u53cc\u5411\u9053\u201d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u51fa\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u591a\u5143\u6027\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u5143\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e4e\u5b83\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u591a\u5143\u6027\u652f\u6491\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u652f\u6491\u591a\u5143\u6027\u3002\u8981\u6709\u53f7\u53ec\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u80fd\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u4ed8\u51fa\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u652f\u6301\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u613f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u9ec4\u7978\uff0c\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5177\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7528\u8bed\u3002\u8be5\u8bcd\u76db\u884c\u81ea\u8457\u540d\u7248\u753b\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4fdd\u536b\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5bb6\u56ed\uff01\u201d\uff08\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u56fe\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8349\u7a3f\u7531\u5fb7\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u6267\u7b14\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u753b\u5bb6\u8d6b\u66fc\u00b7\u514b\u7eb3\u514b\u798f\u65af\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5f53\u505a\u9001\u7ed9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u6c99\u7687\u7684\u793c\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u627f\u8ba4\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5177\u5907\u7740\u5a01\u80c1\u6b27\u7f8e\u9738\u6743\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u662f\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281898\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u88ab\u7f16\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u300a\u9ec4\u7978\u300b\uff08The Yellow Peril\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5e0c\u5c14\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u8840\u513f\uff0c\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u540d\u30021980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u518d\u6b21\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u590d\u82cf\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8be5\u8bcd\u590d\u82cf\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5012\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u6811\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002<\/em><\/li>
  2. Ambi-culturalism \u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u548c\u5b83\u76f8\u8fd1\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bcd\u6709Biculturalism, Mooculturalism<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5468\u5b87\uff08Joey Li \uff09\uff0c \u82cf\u661f\u7eee\uff1b \u00a0\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a Joy Guo. \u00a0\u00a0\u9605\u8bfb\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff0c \u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Frank Wu \uff08\u5434\u534e\u626c\uff09 \u66fe\u4efb\u52a0\u5dde\u9ed1\u65af\u6c40\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c \u73b0\u4efb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9996\u4f4d\u4e9a\u88d4\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u88ab\u4e1a\u5185\u520a\u7269\u8bc4\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u9662\u957f\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u9ed1\u65af\u5ef7\u65af\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8457\u540d\u9ed1\u4eba\u5927\u5b66\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u4f4d\u5728\u8be5\u6821\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u4e9a\u88d4\u3002Frank\u4e5f\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5176\u6545\u4e61\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u5e02\u7684\u97e6\u6069\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u662f\u8be5\u5b66\u9662\u9996\u4f4d\u4e9a\u88d4\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u65f6\u4e3a\u5168\u7f8e\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e9a\u88d4\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5434\u534e\u626c\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u534e\u88d4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u767e\u4eba\u4f1a\u73b0\u4efb\u4f1a\u957f\u3002<\/em><\/p>

    \u5434\u534e\u626c\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5cYellow: Race in America Beyond Black and White\uff08\u9ec4\u79cd\u4eba\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u9ed1\u4e0e\u767d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8bd1\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u9ed1\u767d\u4eba\u79cd\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u4e00\u7ecf\u53d1\u5e03\u7acb\u5373\u518d\u7248\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5f71\u89c6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u7c4d\u4e9a\u88d4\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Frank Wu \u5317\u7f8e\u65b0\u89c6\u754c2016-10-05 \u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5434\u534e\u6768 \uff08Frank Wu\uff09 \u73b0\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u9ed1\u65af\u6c40\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9996\u5c4a\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u5609\u5bbe\u3002 \u5728\u534e\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u53c2\u4f1a\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4e2d\uff0c \u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u534e\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7684\u56de\u590d\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5434\u6559\u6388\u5c06\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=280"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3232,"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280\/revisions\/3232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}