{"id":1671,"date":"2020-12-23T13:23:58","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T13:23:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/?p=1671"},"modified":"2021-01-05T19:33:25","modified_gmt":"2021-01-05T19:33:25","slug":"%e9%98%85%e8%af%bb%ef%bd%9c%e6%af%92%e5%ae%b3%e5%bc%8f%e5%88%86%e8%a3%82%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e7%99%be%e5%b9%b4%e5%90%8e%ef%bc%8c%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e5%b0%86%e6%80%8e%e6%a0%b7%e8%ae%b0%e8%bd%bd2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/?p=1671","title":{"rendered":"\u9605\u8bfb\uff5c\u6bd2\u5bb3\u5f0f\u5206\u88c2\uff1a\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5c06\u600e\u6837\u8bb0\u8f7d2010\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"javascript:void(0);\">\u5317\u7f8e\u65b0\u89c6\u754c<\/a><em>2019-12-28<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u5e74\u7ec8\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\u5927\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u518d\u6709\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u5c31\u5c06\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5c06\u600e\u6837\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d77\u4f0f\u8dcc\u5b95\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u540e\u4eba\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5462\uff1f\u300aPolitico Magazine\u300b\u9080\u8bf7\u4e8623\u4f4d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5100\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u98ce\u98ce\u96e8\u96e8\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u9605\u8bfb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6458\u8bd1\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\uff08\u6709\u5220\u8282\u548c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6587\u672b\u6709\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff09\u3002<\/p><p><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-71-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-71-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-71-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-71-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-71.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u770b\u4f3c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u770b\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6d6a\u6f6e\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u53f6\u969c\u76ee\uff1f\u50cf\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u9769\u547d\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u3001#MeToo\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5df4\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u548c\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c06\u5360\u636e\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u8d1d\u585e\u7ef4\u5947\uff08Andrew Bacevich\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff1a\u4ed6\u5f62\u5bb92010\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6bd2\u5bb3\u5f0f\u5206\u88c2\uff08venomous division\uff09\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u5728\u4e0d\u548c\u8c10\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u89c6\u4f5c\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2-20-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2-20-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2-20-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2-20-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2-20.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ebd\u7ea6\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u4e2d\u57ce\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u5e7f\u544a\u724c\uff0c2019 | \u76d6\u8482\u56fe\u7247\u793e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u6bd2\u5bb3\u5f0f\u5206\u88c2<\/strong><em>Andrew Bacevich\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8363\u8a89\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u5728\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u5c06\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c11\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6539\u826f\u6027\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u533b\u7597\u6539\u9769\uff09\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u4e3a\u963b\u6b62\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u6563\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ed1\u4eba\u603b\u7edf\u5f15\u9886\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc8\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5f88\u5feb\u7834\u706d\u4e86\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c<strong>\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5206\u6b67\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f92\u52b3\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4ecd\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u52aa\u529b\u82df\u5ef6\u4e86\u51b7\u6218\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\u57282016\u5e74\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u4e2d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u624b\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u8d62\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u524d\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0d\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u5168\u7403\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5426\u8ba4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u628a\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u80a4\u8272\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u63a8\u5230\u4e86\u53f0\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6b67\u957f\u671f\u6f5c\u4f0f\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u6bd2\u5bb3\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\uff0c2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u6e10\u884c\u6e10\u8fdc\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u88ab\u5f53\u56de\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9769\u65b0<\/strong><em>Marcia Chatelain\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em>2016\u5e74\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u662f2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4ee5\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u5de7\u717d\u52a8\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u6028\u6068\uff0c\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u7248\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u52a9\u529b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u7a00\u7f55\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u524d\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u9996\u81ba\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u603b\u7edf\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u524d\u7535\u89c6\u771f\u4eba\u79c0\u660e\u661f\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u7acb\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u62b5\u5236\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u81ea\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6709\u6548\u590d\u5236\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u8feb\u4f7f\u516c\u4f17\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u3001\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u6fc0\u53d1\u72ed\u9698\u800c\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u9669\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fdb\u51652020\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f20\u64ad\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\uff1b\u957f\u671f\u5177\u6709\u53d8\u5f62\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u9690\u79c1\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3<\/strong><em>Vanessa Walker\uff0c\u963f\u9ed8\u65af\u7279\u5b66\u9662\uff08Amherst College\uff09\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57282010\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u3001\u53cd\u52a8\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u516c\u5171\u51b2\u7a81\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c<strong>\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u76d1\u89c6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u9c9c\u4e8b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u53cd\u6050\u4e3a\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4fb5\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u6c47\u603b\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u76d1\u63a7\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u65b0\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u624b\u673a\u3001\u7535\u8111\u3001\u865a\u62df\u52a9\u624b\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6e29\u6c34\u716e\u9752\u86d9\u7684\u719f\u6089\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u59cb\u7ec8\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u89c6\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6743\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u3001\u533f\u540d\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6267\u6cd5\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5c06\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u5251\u6865\u5206\u6790\uff08Cambridge Analytica\uff09\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e11\u95fb\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u00a0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u51b2\u51fb\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u5927\u6570\u636e\u663e\u7136\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u597d\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u900f\u660e\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u90a3\u4e9b\u8868\u89c2\u7684\u76ca\u5904\u66f4\u4e25\u8083\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-72-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-72-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-72-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-72-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1-72.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u590f\u6d1b\u8328\u7ef4\u5c14\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c2017&nbsp;| \u76d6\u8482\u56fe\u7247\u793e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u91cd\u8981\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u5d29\u6e83<\/strong><em>Sarah E. Igo\uff0c\u8303\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7279\uff08Vanderbilt\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u57282010\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u6700\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u57282016\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u771f\u4eba\u79c0\u7535\u89c6\u660e\u661f\u7279\u6717\u666e\u6beb\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u5730\u5632\u5f04\u65e2\u5b9a\u51c6\u5219\u540c\u6837\u5e26\u6765\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u901a\u8baf\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e5f\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u95fb\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fdb\u5165\u7535\u5b50\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4fb5\u8680\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bf9\u652f\u6301\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u6f5c\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u4ece\u70c8\u706b\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u548c\u6d2a\u6c34\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u76d1\u89c6\u5230\u865a\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u51fb\u90fd\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u57282020\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9762\u5b54<\/strong><em>Peniel Joseph\uff0c\u5fb7\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u65af\u6c40\u5206\u6821\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53cc\u9762\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ed1\u4eba\u603b\u7edf\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u9762\u7684\u533b\u4fdd\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6797\u767b\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Lyndon Johnson\uff09\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Great Society\uff09\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u65e5\u76ca\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6e3a\u832b\u3002\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u76d1\u7981\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u548c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u53f3\u7ffc\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u767d\u4eba\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u53cd\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u53cd\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5bf9\u6c11\u6743\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7279\u6717\u666e\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u5230\u5185\u6db5\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u201d\u7684\u590d\u8f9f\u3002\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u62d3\u5c55\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u987e\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u548c\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8054\u76df\u5374\u8ba9\u4eba\u56de\u5230\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u51b3\u6597\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u53cd\u54cd\u3002\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a93\u8a00\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u65f6\u4ee4\u76df\u53cb\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u52aa\u529b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4f0a\u6717\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff09\u7ed3\u675f\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5439\u6367\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u653e\u5f03\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u52a0\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e16\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u516c\u5f00\u793a\u597d\u5317\u671d\u9c9c\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.&nbsp;\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<\/strong><em>David Greenberg\uff0c\u7f57\u683c\u65af\uff08Rutgers\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u5a92\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u65e2\u5b9a\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u8349\u6839\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff08\u8336\u515a\u3001\u5360\u9886\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e4b\u6625\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u662f\u53cd\u7279\u6717\u666e\u6e38\u884c\u3001\uff03MeToo\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c2019\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8857\u5934\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u6cc4\u867d\u7136\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u5404\u5730\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53cd\u5efa\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u6d3e\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u5927\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6267\u653f\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u52a8\u8361\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5f53\u9009\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u8fc5\u901f\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c<strong>\u957f\u671f\u4e3a\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u5960\u57fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9762\u4e34\u5d29\u584c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/image-170.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1673\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/11-28-1024x662.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/11-28-1024x662.png 1024w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/11-28-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/11-28-768x496.png 768w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/11-28.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u8336\u515a\u6297\u8bae\uff0c2010\u3002|&nbsp;\u76d6\u8482\u56fe\u7247\u793e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.&nbsp;\u6c11\u4e3b\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6210\u529f<\/strong><em>Tom Nichols\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6218\u4e89\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u91ca2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6096\u8bba\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u51c6\u770b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u4ee5\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u6124\u6012\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6fd2\u4e34\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u548c\u7834\u4ea7\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u56de\u987e\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u5916\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u65e5\u8d8b\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u8d2b\u5bcc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u6b65\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u8bc6\u5b57\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u5a31\u4e50\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u57f9\u517b\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u52302020\u5e74\uff0c<strong>\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53d7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u5728\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecd\u7136\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53cd\u6050\u5927\u591a\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f88\u8fdc\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5f88\u9ad8\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u821e\u53f0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e92\u76f8\u770b\u5230\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u7248\u672c\uff08\u4ece\u800c\u6fc0\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6028\u6068\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5230\u4e862010\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc8\u5411\u5efa\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u5426\u5e94\u5bf9\u6210\u529f\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8.&nbsp;\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c-\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u8087\u59cb<\/strong><em>William Inboden\uff0cLBJ\u5b66\u9662\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9009\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u6c14\u8d28\u3001\u6027\u683c\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0a\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\uff1a\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u548c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c<strong>\u867d\u7136\u54c1\u6027\u548c\u6267\u653f\u98ce\u683c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u548c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u9886\u57df\u5374\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u9119\u89c6\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u5236\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u9648\u89c4\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\uff1b\u4e24\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\u4e5f\u5747\u672a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u548c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u90fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u76df\u56fd\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5e76\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u8054\u76df\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff1b\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u51cf\u5c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u90fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\u6709\u6b67\u4e49\uff1b\u90fd\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff1b\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u591a\u6781\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u4e3a\u514b\u5236\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c-\u7279\u6717\u666e\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5904\u65b9\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u56fd\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f972020\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u4e3a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5feb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9.&nbsp;\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0e\u5206\u88c2<\/strong><em>George H. Nash\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fdd\u5b88\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u62c9\u8fd1\u3001\u53c8\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8fc1\u5f99\u6bd4\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u8981\u591a\uff08\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6df7\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u878d\u6c47\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5927\u4f17\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u8282\u594f\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u90e8\u843d\u5316\u3001\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u548c\u597d\u6597\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5185\u6218\uff09\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u4f17\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u516c\u5f00\u8d28\u7591\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5341\u5e74\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u8bf4\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u9175\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u75c9\u631b\u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u9884\u793a\u7740\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u52a8\u8361\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/image-170.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1672\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12-19-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12-19-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12-19-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12-19-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/ucausa.org\/s\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/12-19.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6851\u8fea\u80e1\u514b\u5c0f\u5b66\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c2012\u3002|&nbsp;\u76d6\u8482\u56fe\u7247\u793e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10.&nbsp;\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/strong><em>Heather Cox 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